Wavelength conversion member and light emitting device using the same

ABSTRACT

A light emitting device can include a wavelength conversion member with a high light extraction efficiency and capable of achieving a light emitting device with high performance. The wavelength conversion member can include phosphor particles formed from a base material and an activator agent added thereto and having an irregular surface; a matrix material including a light-transmitting material, the matrix material being present between the phosphor particles; and additive particles formed from the base material and adhering to the irregular surface of the phosphor particle to form a particle structure having an irregular surface including a projected section and a recessed section. The difference between the projected section and the recessed section of the irregular surface of the particle structure is larger than the difference between a projected section and a recessed section of the irregular surface of the phosphor particle without the additive particles adhering thereto.

This application claims the priority benefit under 35 U.S.C. §119 ofJapanese Patent Application No. 2014-021299 filed on Feb. 6, 2014, whichis hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The presently disclosed subject matter relates to a wavelengthconversion member that converts the wavelength of light emitted from alight source and also to a light emitting device using the same.

BACKGROUND ART

In recent years, various light emitting devices incorporating a lightemitting element such as a laser diode (LD) element have been used inlighting devices and the like. Such a light emitting device can includea wavelength conversion member which can include, for example, a yellowphosphor and be placed over an LD element that emits blue light, therebyproviding white light. For example, Japanese Patent ApplicationLaid-Open No. 2012-062459 (or U.S. Patent Application Publication No.2012/0045634A1 corresponding thereto, hereinafter, referred to as PatentLiterature 1) discloses a ceramics composite including a transparentceramic matrix composed of Al₂O₃ and a phosphor composed of YAG (YttriumAluminum Garnet) containing Ce (cerium).

When light emitted from a light emitting element is converted inwavelength using the ceramics composite disclosed in Patent Literature1, so-called return light that is generated by reflecting the light offthe surface of the phosphor back to the light emitting element, therebydeteriorating the light extraction efficiency of the light emittingdevice.

SUMMARY

The presently disclosed subject matter was devised in view of these andother problems and features in association with the conventional art.According to an aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, alight emitting device can include a wavelength conversion member thatcan have a high light extraction efficiency and is capable of achievinga light emitting device with high performance.

According to another aspect of the presently disclosed subject matter, awavelength conversion member can include: phosphor particles made of amaterial including a base material and an activator agent added to thebase material, the phosphor particle having an irregular surfaceincluding a projected section and a recessed section; a matrix materialincluding a light-transmitting material, the matrix material beingpresent between the phosphor particles; and additive particles formedfrom the same base material as that used for the phosphor particle andadhering to the irregular surface of the phosphor particle so as to coatat least part of the irregular surface of the phosphor particlestherewith to form a particle structure having an irregular surface, theirregular surface of the particle structure including a projectedsection and a recessed section. In the wavelength conversion member withthis configuration, a difference between the projected section and therecessed section of the irregular surface of the particle structure inwhich the phosphor particle is coated with the additive particles can belarger than a difference between the projected section and the recessedsection of the irregular surface of the phosphor particle without theadditive particles adhering thereto.

According to still another aspect of the presently disclosed subjectmatter, a light emitting device can include a light source having alight emission surface and the above-described wavelength conversionmember disposed to face to the light emission surface of the lightsource.

In the above-described configuration, the wavelength conversion membercan have a light incident surface and a light exit surface, and theadditive particles can be disposed such that the surface of the phosphorparticles closer to the light incident surface is covered with theadditive particles.

Further, in the wavelength conversion member with the above-describedconfiguration, the base material can be a material having a garnetstructure such as YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet). Or alternatively, thebase material can be one selected from the group consisting of oxidephosphors, nitride phosphors, and oxynitride phosphors.

Further in the wavelength conversion member with the above-describedconfiguration, concentrations in volume of the phosphor particles, theadditive particles, and the matrix material can have the followingrelationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

These and other characteristics, features, and advantages of thepresently disclosed subject matter will become clear from the followingdescription with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating a wavelength conversion memberof a first exemplary embodiment made in accordance with principles ofthe presently disclosed subject matter;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are each a part of a SEM image of the cross section ofthe wavelength conversion member taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, FIG. 2Bbeing added with boundary lines between the respective materials in FIG.2A;

FIG. 3 is the SEM image of the cross section of the wavelengthconversion member taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, which includes FIGS.2A and 2B surrounded by a dashed line;

FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of producing the wavelengthconversion member of the first exemplary embodiment made in accordancewith the principles of the presently disclosed subject matter;

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a method of a comparison test;

FIG. 6 is a SEM image of a cross section of a wavelength conversionmember of Comparative Example; and

FIGS. 7A and 7B are a schematic view of a light emitting device of asecond exemplary embodiment made in accordance with the principles ofthe presently disclosed subject matter, and a perspective view of awavelength conversion plate, respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

A description will now be made below to a wavelength conversion memberand a light emitting device of the presently disclosed subject matterwith reference to the accompanying drawings in accordance with exemplaryembodiments.

Example 1

With reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, a description will be given of thewavelength conversion member of a first exemplary embodiment made inaccordance with the principles of the presently disclosed subject matteras Example 1. FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the wavelengthconversion member 10 of the first exemplary embodiment. As isillustrated in FIG. 1, the wavelength conversion member 10 can have aplate shape with, for example, a length L of 2 mm, a width W of 2 mm,and a thickness t₁ of 300 μm. One of the surfaces of the wavelengthconversion member 10 can serve as a light incident surface 10A and theother of the surfaces opposite to the light incident surface 10A canserve as a light exit surface 10B. The wavelength conversion member 10can include phosphor particles, so that excitation light P1 emitted froma not-illustrated light source such as an LD element can be incident onthe light incident surface 10A and be converted in wavelength so as toexit through the light exit surface 10B, for example, as white light P2.Here, the excitation light P1 can be blue excitation light with awavelength of 450 nm, which is not limitative. Specifically, thewavelength converted light can be light obtained by mixing part of theexcitation light directly from the light source and fluorescent lightemitted by the phosphor as a result of excitation by the irradiationwith remaining part of the excitation light.

FIG. 2A is a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) image of a cross sectionof the wavelength conversion member 10 taken along line 2-2 of FIG. 1(magnification ratio of 2000 times). FIG. 2B is added with boundarylines between the respective materials in FIG. 2A. Specifically, thewavelength conversion member 10 can include phosphor particles 11 madeof a material including a base material and an activator agent added tothe base material, a matrix material 13 including a light-transmittingmaterial, and additive particles 15 formed from the same base materialas that used for the phosphor particle 11 and having a particle diametersmaller than the particle diameter of the phosphor particle 11 so as tocoat part of the surface of the phosphor particles 11 therewith, therebyforming particle structures 17.

Herein, the matrix material 13 can be present between the phosphorparticles 11 directly or between the phosphor particles 11 with theintervening additive particles 15 adhering to the phosphor particles 11.

As illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the wavelength conversion member 10can be constituted by the phosphor particles 11 (relatively pale whitishareas surrounded by a dashed line), the matrix material 13 (area withdark color), and the additive particles 15 (pale colored area out of theareas surrounded by the dashed line).

The phosphor particle 11 (relatively pale whitish areas surrounded by adashed line) can be made of YAG:Ce prepared by adding Ce as theactivator agent to YAG as a base material and can have a center particlediameter of about 15 μm. The phosphor particles can have volume particledistributions of D₁₀=9.3 μm, D₅₀=15.3 μm, and D₉₀=25.5 μm.

The matrix material 13 (area with dark color) can be made of a lighttransmitting material disposed between the phosphor particles 11.Examples of the light transmitting material may include Al₂O₃.

The additive particles 15 (pale colored area out of the areas surroundedby the dashed line) are disposed to surround the phosphor particles 11and partly between the phosphor particles 11. The additive particles 15can be made of the base material (in this exemplary embodiment, YAG)which is the same material as the phosphor particle 11 excluding theactivator agent therefrom. The additive particles 15 can have a centerparticle diameter of about 7 μm which is smaller than the phosphorparticles 11. The additive particles 15 can have volume particledistributions of D₁₀=3.8 μm, D₅₀=6.6 μm, and D₉₀=11.1 μm.

In the wavelength conversion member 10 of the first exemplaryembodiment, the concentrations of the phosphor particles 11, the matrixmaterial 13, and the additive particles 15 can be 4.5 vol %, 63.5 vol %,and 32 vol %, respectively.

FIG. 3 is the wider SEM image of the cross section of the wavelengthconversion member 10 taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1, which includesFIGS. 2A and 2B surrounded by a dashed line (magnification ratio of 500times). As can be seen from FIG. 3, the phosphor particles 11 and theadditive particles 15 (pale areas) can be confirmed to be distributedall over the light-transmitting matrix material 13.

Referring back to FIGS. 2A and 2B, the additive particles 15 having theparticle diameter smaller than the phosphor particles can be adhered toat least part of the surface of the phosphor particles 11 to surroundit. Specifically, the surface of the phosphor particles 11 can becovered with the additive particles 15, so that the phosphor particles11 together with the additive particles 15 can form the particlestructures 17 having the irregular surface (surrounded by thedashed-dotted line). It should be noted that the surface of the phosphorparticles 11 may be entirely covered with the additive particles 15 toform the particle structure 17 as can be seen at the center right inFIGS. 2A and 2B, or the surface of the phosphor particles 11 may bepartly covered with the additive particles 15 to form the particlestructure 17 as can be seen at the left side in FIGS. 2A and 2B.

As described above, the surface of the particle structures 17 can havethe irregular structure. Specifically, the phosphor particle 11 can havean irregular surface with projected sections and recessed section. Then,the additive particles 15 can adhere to the irregular surface of thephosphor particle 11 to form the particle structure 17 having theirregular surface with projected sections and the recessed section. Whenthe additive particles 15 adhere to the irregular surface of thephosphor particle 11, the irregularity of the irregular surface of thephosphor particle 11 can be enhanced, so that the difference between theprojected section and the recessed section of the irregular surface ofthe particle structure 17 can be larger than the difference between theprojected section and the recessed section of the irregular surface ofthe phosphor particle 11. Specifically, since the boundary face betweenthe particle structure 17 and the light-transmitting matrix material 13is not flat or smooth but has an irregular boundary face, so that thelight directed to the particle structure 17 can be inhibited from beingreflected off the boundary face. It should be noted that the phosphorparticle 11 and the additive particle 15 correspond to the phosphor andthe base material therefor, respectively. In other words, the differencebetween the phosphor particle 11 and the additive particle 15 is thepresence or absence of the activator agent, meaning that the refractiveindex thereof is almost the same as each other. Therefore, the lightcannot be substantially reflected at the boundary face between thephosphor particle 11 and the additive particle 15.

[Production Method]

A description will now be given of the production method of thewavelength conversion member 10. FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing themethod of producing the wavelength conversion member 10 of the firstexemplary embodiment. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the wavelengthconversion member 10 can be produced through a mixing step (S11), apress step (S12), a firing step (S13), and a processing step (S14). Thefollowing example will describe the case where the concentration of thephosphor particle (YAG:Ce) of 4.5 vol %, the concentration of theadditive particle (YAG) of 32 vol %, and the concentration of the matrixmaterial of 63.5 vol %. Note that the concentrations of the phosphorparticle, the additive particle, and the matrix material can beappropriately changed by adjusting the mixing amounts of the respectivematerials.

Note that, in the resulting wavelength conversion member, therelationship between the concentrations of the phosphor (or phosphorparticles), the additive material (or additive particles), and thematrix material (concentrations in volume) is preferably the followingrelation:{Phosphor(Phosphor Particles)}≦{Additive Material(AdditiveParticles)}<Matrix Material

The concentration relationship falling within the above range canprovide appropriate particle structures. Note that when theconcentration of the phosphor is equal to that of the additive material,the equality may encompass the case where there is a difference afterdecimal point.

Mixing Step:

0.25 Grams of a YAG:Ce powder with the center particle diameter of about15 μm (volume particle distributions of D₁₀=9.3 μm, D₅₀=15.3 μm, andD₉₀=25.5 μm) as the phosphor particles, 3.00 g of an Al₂O₃ powder withthe center particle diameter of about 300 nm as the matrix material, and1.75 g of a YAG powder with the center particle diameter of about 7 μm(volume particle distributions of D₁₀=3.8 μm, D₅₀=6.6 μm, and D₉₀=11.1μm) as the additive particles are placed in a mixing container. Afterthat, the mixing container is, for example, rotated or vibrated to mixthe respective powders so as to uniformly distribute them. Note that thecontent of Ce in the phosphor particle 11 is 0.02 as the atomic ratio toY (=Ce/Y).

Press Step:

After uniformly mixed in the mixing step, 50 mg of the mixed powders isweighed and placed in a cylindrical stainless steel container. Thepowders are pressed with a high-pressure pressing machine at a pressureof 30 MPa to produce a cylindrical pellet with a diameter of 13 mm and aheight of 1 mm.

Firing Step:

The pellet produced in the press step is placed in an aluminum crucibleand fired under N₂ atmosphere at 1500° C. for 2 hours.

Processing Step:

The fired pellet is ground with a polisher at both upper and lowersurfaces of the pellet so as to obtain the pellet with the thickness of300 μm. In this case, the processing is performed until the surfaceroughness Ra of the ground surface is about 0.25 nm while the thicknessof 300 μm is achieved. After that, the pellet is cut with a dicingmachine to have a length of 2 mm and a width of 2 mm, thereby formingthe plate-shaped wavelength conversion member 10 as illustrated in FIG.1.

[Comparison Test]

Wavelength conversion members of the above Example 1, and ComparativeExample and other Examples 2 to 5 were produced to perform comparisontests. The wavelength conversion member of Comparative Example wasproduced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that no additiveparticles were included. The wavelength conversion members of Examples 2to 5 were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that theconcentrations of the additive particles were varied to be differentfrom that of Example 1.

Test Method:

The comparison test was performed as follows. As illustrated in FIG. 5,each of the wavelength conversion members was placed in an integratingsphere provided with a photodetector so that the light emission surfaceof the wavelength conversion member was directed to the inside of theintegrating sphere. Then, the wavelength conversion member wasirradiated with excitation light from outside of the integrating sphereso that the wavelength conversion member emitted light toward the insideof the integrating sphere. This forwardly projected light was detected.

An LD light source with a wavelength of 450 nm was used as the lightsource. The power of the LD light source for excitation light was 1.6 W.The light from the LD light source was narrowed to about 50 μm indiameter to be irradiated with. A power density of the LD light sourceat the light incident surface of the wavelength conversion member was815 W/mm². The measurement was performed after the wavelength conversionmember was irradiated with the light from the LD light source andsaturation of the wavelength conversion member was reached. Thephotodetector can detect the spectrum of the light to be measured, andthe light flux and the chromaticity thereof were calculated from themeasured spectrum. Note that a light-shielding plate was disposed in theintegrating sphere between the wavelength conversion member and thephotodetector in order to prevent the emission light from the wavelengthconversion member from being directly incident on the photodetector.

Regarding Examples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example:

Table 1 shows the respective concentrations of the additive particle(YAG particle), the phosphor particle (YAG:Ce), and the matrix material(Al₂O₃) in vol %, averages of the measured surface roughness, and thelight flux in lm, and the chromaticity coordinates Cx and Cy as thechromaticity derived from the measured results for the respectiveExamples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example. The average of the surfaceroughness can be derived by scanning the surface of each of thewavelength conversion members with a stylus type surface shapemeasurement machine, Dektak Stylus Surface Profiler (product name),three times over 0.1 mm in length, and averaging the results Ra (meansquare roughness) of three scanned data. The content of Ce in thephosphor particles was 0.02 in terms of atomic ratio with respect to Y(=Ce/Y).

Comparative example and respective Examples 1 to 5 each had theconcentration of the phosphor particles of 4.5 vol %. As shown in Table1, the concentrations of the additive particles are 0 vol % forComparative Example and 32.0, 4.4, 13.4, 22.6, and 41.8 vol % forExamples 1 to 5, respectively. The averages of the surface roughness are238.3 nm for Comparative Example and 248.9 nm, 282.4 nm, 235.6 nm, 251.0nm, and 276.1 nm for Examples 1 to 5, respectively.

TABLE 1 Com- parative Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Exam- Items Example ple 1ple 2 ple 3 ple 4 ple 5 Additive  0.0  32.0  4.4  13.4  22.6  41.8particles (YAG) [vol %] Phosphor  4.5  4.5  4.5  4.5  4.5  4.5 particles(YAG: Ce) [vol %] Matrix  95.5  63.5  91.1  82.1  72.9  53.7 material(Al₂O₃) [vol %] Average of 238.3 248.9 282.4 235.6 251.0 276.1 surfaceroughness [nm] Light flux 193 223 201 205 210 224 [lm] Chromaticity 0.416  0.414  0.414  0.416  0.410  0.398 [Cx] Chromaticity  0.511 0.511  0.515  0.517  0.510  0.483 [Cy]

Comparison of Cross Sections of Examples and Comparative Example:

FIG. 6 is a SEM image of a cross section of the wavelength conversionmember of Comparative Example (500 times). Pale portions in the imagerepresent the phosphor particles, and dark portions represent the matrixmaterial. Black portions represent voids. As can be seen from FIG. 6,the wavelength conversion member of Comparative Example does not includethe additive particles, and accordingly, the boundary face between thephosphor particles and the matrix material does not show an irregularboundary face different from the SEM images of the wavelength conversionmember 10 of Example 1 shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3.

Furthermore, it can be seen from FIG. 3 and FIG. 6 that ComparativeExample has a number of voids in the cross section when compared withthe SEM image of the cross section of the wavelength conversion member10 of Example 1. According to the actual calculation, the SEM image ofthe cross section of Example 1 in FIG. 3 shows the void ratio in thecross section being 1.16% (ratio of the total area of the black portionsrepresenting the voids to the entire area of the SEM image) whereas thevoid ratio in the SEM image of the cross section of Comparative Examplein FIG. 6 is 1.97%. In addition, as can be seen from FIG. 6, the SEMimage of the cross section of Comparative Example shows that the voidshave almost the same size and are uniformly distributed all over whereasthe voids in the SEM image of the cross section of Example 1 in FIG. 3includes larger ones and smaller ones and are separately distributedwhen compared with the SEM image of the cross section in FIG. 6.Therefore, it can be understood that when the additive particles 15 areadded, the voids decrease and are classified to larger ones and smallerones that are discrete in location.

Test Results and Discussion:

Regarding Light Flux

As shown in Table 1, the light fluxes are 223 lm, 201 lm, 205 lm, 210lm, and 224 lm for Examples 1 to 5, respectively, and 193 lm forComparative Example. When compared with Comparative Example having noadditive particles (0% conc.), the light flux is increased in all theExamples 1 to 5. As can be clearly seen from FIG. 2, the additiveparticles 15 having a particle diameter smaller than that of thephosphor particles 11 adhere to the surface of the phosphor particles 11at least in part, so that the phosphor particles 11 and the additiveparticles 15 are gathered to form the particle structure 17 havingcertain irregularities on its surface.

Specifically, the particle structure 17 having certain irregularities onthe surface of the phosphor particle can be configured by adhering theadditive particles 15 to part of the surface or the entire surface ofthe phosphor particles 11 as illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B. Thus, theadhering additive particles 15 can form various shapes as illustrated inFIGS. 2A, 2B, and 3. When the particle structures 17 are entirelyobserved, some of them can have an irregular boundary surface with theslightly larger size in order as the diameter of the phosphor particle11. Further, some of them can have adhering additive particles 15elongated from the phosphor particle. Namely, when the additiveparticles 15 adhere to the irregular surface of the phosphor particle11, the irregularity of the irregular surface of the phosphor particle11 can be enhanced, so that the difference between the projected sectionand the recessed section of the irregular surface of the particlestructure 17 can be larger than the difference between the projectedsection and the recessed section of the irregular surface of thephosphor particle 11.

Accordingly, since the boundary face between the particle structure 17and the light-transmitting matrix material 13 is not flat but has anirregular shape, the reflection at the boundary face is difficult tooccur. Therefore, much amount of excitation light reaching the particlestructure 17 can enter the inside of the particle structure 17 withoutreflection, and the return light that is reflected off the surface ofthe particle structure 17 and returned toward the side opposite to thelight exit surface 10B can be decreased in amount. Thus, the irregularboundary face may preferably be a larger irregular boundary face thanthe irregular face of the phosphor particle 11. Namely, the boundaryface between the phosphor particle 11 to which the additive particles 15adhere and the matrix material 13 may preferably be non-flat.

As can be seen from Example 2 to 5, as the concentration of the additiveparticles 15 increases, the light flux increases. If the concentrationof the additive particles 15 increases, the area of the surface of thephosphor particles 11 that is covered with the additive particles 15 canincrease. Specifically, the area where the irregular structure of thesurface of the particle structure 17 is formed can increase, and thelight that can enter the inside of the particle structure 17 canincrease whereas the return light can decrease.

Regarding Chromaticity:

As shown in Table 1, the chromaticity coordinates of light converted bythe wavelength conversion member and detected by the photodetector wereCx 0.414 and Cy 0.511 for Example 1, Cx 0.414 and Cy 0.515 for Example2, Cx 0.416 and Cy 0.517 for Example 3, Cx 0.410 and Cy 0.510 forExample 4, Cx 0.398 and Cy 0.483 for Example 5, and Cx 0.416 and Cy0.511 for Comparative Example. As can be seen from the results, even ifthe light flux increases as in Examples 1 to 5, and Comparative Example,the chromaticity does not substantially change. This may be because allexcitation light entering the particle structure 17 does not excite thephosphor particle 11 but is directed through the additive particles 15to the light exit surface 10B without introduction to the phosphorparticles 11. Accordingly, even if the return light is reduced, all thatlight does not necessarily excite the phosphor particle, and theexcitation light that is not involved in and consumed for excitation butis directed to the light exit surface 10B increases.

Further, as described above, when the additive particles 15 are added,the voids decrease and are classified to larger ones and smaller onesthat are discrete in location. Accordingly, the amount of excitationlight that does not enter the voids and the phosphor particles butreaches the light exit surface can increase. Therefore, this may be thereason why the chromaticity may not be changed.

Further, it should be noted that as the surface roughness of thewavelength conversion member of each of Examples 1 to 5 and ComparativeExample is as described in Table 1, and there would be no relationshipbetween the surface roughness and the light flux (or brightness) ofExamples 1 to 5 and Comparative Example. This means that the differencein light flux (brightness) between Examples 1 to 5 and ComparativeExample would not be due to the surface roughness.

In the above-described Example, YAG:Ce is used as the phosphor(particle), and YAG is used as the additive material (particle), andAl₂O₃ is used as the matrix material. However, they are not limitative,and other materials can be used as the phosphor, the additive material,and the matrix material. Examples of the oxide phosphor which can beused may include garnet-based phosphors, such as Ta₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺,Lu₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, (Y,Gd)₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, (Y,Lu)₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺, andY₃(Al,Ga)₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺: silicide-based phosphors, such as(Ba,Sr,Ca)₂SiO₄:Eu²⁺, (Ba,Sr,Ca)₃SiO₅:Eu²⁺, Y₂SiO₅:Tb³⁺, and Y₂SiO₅:Ce³;and other type phosphors, such as BaMg₂Al₁₆O₂₇:Eu²⁺, BaMgAl₁₀O₁₇:Eu²⁺,SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺, Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Tb³⁺, Y₂O₃:Eu³⁺, and CaSc₂O₄:Ce³⁺. If any ofthese oxide phosphors is used, the base material which is the phosphorfrom which an activator agent has been eliminated can be used for theadditive particle, and the light-transmitting matrix material may beAl₂O₃, Y₂O₃, ZrO₂, or SiO₂. For example, the base material can be amaterial having a garnet structure, such as yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG). These materials are preferable because they are stable and can beavailable as commercially available products with low costs for use inwhite LED phosphor.

Examples of the nitride or oxynitride phosphor which can be used mayinclude nitride-based phosphors, such as (Ca,Sr)AlSiN₃:Eu²⁺,(Ba,Sr,Ca)₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺, and La₃Si₆N₁₁:Ce³⁺; and oxynitride-basedphosphors, such as (β sialon) Si_((6-x))Al_(x)O_(x)N_((8-x)):Eu²⁺ (x isan integer number), (α sialon)((Li_((1-2x)),Ca_(x))_(m)Si_((12-(m+n)))Al_((m+n))O_(n)N_((16-n)):Eu²⁺)(x, m, and n are each an integer number),LaAl(Si_((6-z))Al_(z))N_((10-z))O_(z):Ce³⁺ (z is an integer number),La₃Si₈N₁₁O₄:Ce³⁺, and Ba₃Si₆O₁₂N₂:Eu²⁺. If any of these nitride oroxynitride phosphors is used, the base material which is the materialcorresponding those of the phosphor from which an activator agent hasbeen eliminated can be used for the additive particle, and thelight-transmitting matrix material may be SiC, Sl₃N₄, or AIN.

Example 2

A description will now be given of a light emitting device with the useof the wavelength conversion member of the above Example 1 withreference to FIGS. 7A and 7B. FIG. 7A is a schematic view of a lightemitting device 20 of a second exemplary embodiment. The light emittingdevice 20 can include a light source 21 such as an LD element, awavelength conversion plate 30, and a holder (not illustrated) thatsupports the wavelength conversion plate 30. FIG. 7B is a perspectiveview of the wavelength conversion plate 30.

The wavelength conversion plate 30 can be constituted by the wavelengthconversion member 10 and a light-transmitting plate 31. Thelight-transmitting plate 31 can have the same shape as that of thewavelength conversion member 10, i.e., can have a length L of 2 mm, awidth W of 2 mm, and a thickness t₂ of 300 μm. The light-transmittingplate 31 can be made of a light-transmitting material such as sapphireand attached to the light incident surface 10A (see FIG. 1) of thewavelength conversion member 10.

In the light emitting device 20, the wavelength conversion plate 30 canbe disposed so that the light-transmitting plate 31 faces to the lightemission surface 21A of the light source 21. Specifically, thewavelength conversion plate 30 can be disposed such that the light fromthe light source 21 can be incident on the surface of thelight-transmitting plate 31 to pass therethrough, be incident on thelight incident surface 10A of the wavelength conversion member 10, andbe wavelength converted within the wavelength conversion member 10 toexit through the light exit surface 10B.

It should be noted that an appropriate optical member, such as a lens,can be disposed in a space in front of the light exit surface 10B of thewavelength conversion member 10 of the wavelength conversion plate 30.

With the light emitting device 20, the light emitted from the lightsource 21 and entering the wavelength conversion plate 30 can beprevented from being reflected within the wavelength conversion member10, whereby the return light returning to the light source 21 can beprevented. Thus, the light emitting device 20 can effectively utilizethe light emitted from the light source 21 for wavelength conversion.

In the above-described exemplary embodiments, the surface of thephosphor particles 11 can be entirely or partly covered with theadditive particles 15. Accordingly, at least part of the surface of thephosphor particles 11 should be covered with the additive particles 15,so that the particle structure 17 with the irregular surface thereof canbe constituted by the phosphor particle 11 and the adhering additiveparticles 15. This can achieve the improved light extraction efficiencyas described above.

Note that it is preferable that the additive particles 15 can cover thesurface of the phosphor particles 11 near the light incident surface 10Aof the wavelength conversion member 10 more than the other side of thesurface of the phosphor particles 11. This is because the surfaceirregular structure of the particle structure 17 near the light incidentsurface 10A of the wavelength conversion member 10 and to which theexcitation light from the light source can directly reach can preventthe generation of return light of the excitation light on the surface ofthe particle structure 17 more effectively.

The illustrated numerical values, dimensions, materials, and the like inthe above-described exemplary embodiments and Examples are only forillustration, and can be appropriately selected and/or changed inaccordance with the purpose, elements to be manufactured such assemiconductor element, etc.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations can be made in the presently disclosedsubject matter without departing from the spirit or scope of thepresently disclosed subject matter. Thus, it is intended that thepresently disclosed subject matter cover the modifications andvariations of the presently disclosed subject matter provided they comewithin the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. Allrelated art references described above are hereby incorporated in theirentirety by reference.

What is claimed is:
 1. A wavelength conversion member comprising:phosphor particles made of a material including a base material and anactivator agent added to the base material, the phosphor particle havingan irregular surface including a projected section and a recessedsection; a matrix material including a light-transmitting material, thematrix material being present between the phosphor particles; andadditive particles formed from the same base material as that used forthe phosphor particle and adhering to the irregular surface of thephosphor particle so as to coat at least part of the irregular surfaceof the phosphor particles therewith to form a particle structure havingan irregular surface, the irregular surface of the particle structureincluding a projected section and a recessed section, wherein adifference between the projected section and the recessed section of theirregular surface of the particle structure in which the phosphorparticle is coated with the additive particles is larger than adifference between the projected section and the recessed section of theirregular surface of the phosphor particle without the additiveparticles adhering thereto.
 2. The wavelength conversion memberaccording to claim 1, wherein the wavelength conversion member has alight incident surface and a light exit surface, and the additiveparticles are disposed such that the surface of the phosphor particlescloser to the light incident surface is covered with the additiveparticles.
 3. The wavelength conversion member according to claim 1,wherein the base material is a material having a garnet structure. 4.The wavelength conversion member according to claim 2, wherein the basematerial is a material having a garnet structure.
 5. The wavelengthconversion member according to claim 3, wherein the base material is YAG(yttrium aluminum garnet).
 6. The wavelength conversion member accordingto claim 4, wherein the base material is YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet).7. The wavelength conversion member according to claim 1, wherein thebase material is one selected from the group consisting of oxidephosphors, nitride phosphors, and oxynitride phosphors.
 8. Thewavelength conversion member according to claim 2, wherein the basematerial is one selected from the group consisting of oxide phosphors,nitride phosphors, and oxynitride phosphors.
 9. The wavelengthconversion member according to claim 3, wherein concentrations in volumeof the phosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrixmaterial have the following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 10. The wavelengthconversion member according to claim 4, wherein concentrations in volumeof the phosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrixmaterial have the following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 11. The wavelengthconversion member according to claim 5, wherein concentrations in volumeof the phosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrixmaterial have the following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 12. The wavelengthconversion member according to claim 6, wherein concentrations in volumeof the phosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrixmaterial have the following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 13. A light emittingdevice comprising: a light source having a light emission surface; andthe wavelength conversion member according to claim 1, the wavelengthconversion member being disposed so as to face to the light emissionsurface.
 14. The light emitting device according to claim 13, whereinthe wavelength conversion member has a light incident surface and alight exit surface, and the additive particles are disposed such thatthe surface of the phosphor particles closer to the light incidentsurface is covered with the additive particles.
 15. The light emittingdevice according to claim 13, wherein the base material is a materialhaving a garnet structure.
 16. The light emitting device according toclaim 14, wherein the base material is a material having a garnetstructure.
 17. The light emitting device according to claim 15, whereinthe base material is YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet).
 18. The lightemitting device according to claim 16, wherein the base material is YAG(yttrium aluminum garnet).
 19. The light emitting device according toclaim 13, wherein the base material is one selected from the groupconsisting of oxide phosphors, nitride phosphors, and oxynitridephosphors.
 20. The light emitting device according to claim 14, whereinthe base material is one selected from the group consisting of oxidephosphors, nitride phosphors, and oxynitride phosphors.
 21. The lightemitting device according to claim 15, wherein concentrations in volumeof the phosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrixmaterial have the following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 22. The light emittingdevice according to claim 16, wherein concentrations in volume of thephosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrix material havethe following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 23. The light emittingdevice according to claim 17, wherein concentrations in volume of thephosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrix material havethe following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).
 24. The light emittingdevice according to claim 18, wherein concentrations in volume of thephosphor particles, the additive particles, and the matrix material havethe following relationship,(Concentration of Phosphor Particles)≦(Concentration of AdditiveParticles)<(Concentration of Matrix Material).